Advanced digital preservation

• 1
• Introduction
• p. 1

• 1.1
• What's So Special About Digital Things?
• p. 2

• 1.2
• Terminology
• p. 5

• 1.3
• Summary
• p. 5

• 2
• The Really Foolproof Solution for Digital Preservation
• p. 7

• Part I
• Theory - The Concepts and Techniques Which Are Essential for Preserving Digitally Encoded Information

• 3
• Introduction to OAIS Concepts and Terminology
• p. 13

• 3.1
• Preserve What, for How Long and for Whom?
• p. 13

• 3.2
• What "Metadata", How Much "Metadata"?
• p. 16

• 3.3
• Recursion - A Pervasive Concept
• p. 26

• 3.4
• Disincentives Against Digital Preservation
• p. 28

• 3.5
• Summary
• p. 30

• 4
• Types of Digital Objects
• p. 31

• 4.1
• Simple vs. Composite
• p. 31

• 4.2
• Rendered vs. Non-rendered
• p. 33

• 4.3
• Static vs. Dynamic
• p. 38

• 4.4
• Active vs. Passive
• p. 38

• 4.5
• Multiple-Classifications
• p. 39

• 4.6
• Summary
• p. 39

• 5
• Threats to Digital Preservation and Possible Solutions
• p. 41

• 5.1
• What Can Be Relied on in the Long-Term?
• p. 43

• 5.2
• What Others Think About Major Threats to Digital Preservation
• p. 44

• 5.3
• Summary
• p. 45

• 6
• OAIS in More Depth
• p. 47

• 6.1
• OAIS Conformance
• p. 49

• 6.2
• OAIS Mandatory Responsibilities
• p. 50

• 6.3
• OAIS Information Model
• p. 53

• 6.4
• OAIS Functional Model
• p. 63

• 6.5
• Information Flows and Layering
• p. 65

• 6.6
• Issues Not Covered in Detail by OAIS
• p. 65

• 6.7
• Summary
• p. 67

• 7
• Understanding a Digital Object: Basic Representation Information
• p. 69

• Co-author Stephen Rankin

• 7.1
• Levels of Application of Representation Information Concept
• p. 69

• 7.2
• Overview of Techniques for Describing Digital Objects
• p. 71

• 7.3
• Structure Representation Information
• p. 75

• 7.4
• Format Identification
• p. 96

• 7.5
• Semantic Representation Information
• p. 97

• 7.6
• Other Representation Information
• p. 101

• 7.7
• Application to Types of Digital Objects
• p. 102

• 7.8
• Virtualisation
• p. 112

• 7.9
• Emulation
• p. 123

• 7.10
• Summary
• p. 137

• 8
• Preservation of Intelligibility of Digital Objects
• p. 139

• Co-authors Yannis Tzitzikas, Yannis Marketakis, and Vassilis Christophides

• 8.1
• On Digital Objects and Dependencies
• p. 139

• 8.2
• A Formal Model for the Intelligibility of Digital Objects
• p. 142

• 8.3
• Modelling and Implementation Frameworks
• p. 163

• 8.4
• Summary
• p. 166

• 9
• Understandability and Usability of Data
• p. 167

• 9.1
• Re-Use of Digital Objects - Interoperability and Preservation
• p. 168

• 9.2
• Use of Existing Software
• p. 171

• 9.3
• Creation of New Software
• p. 173

• 9.4
• Without Software
• p. 173

• 9.5
• Software as the Digital Object Being Preserved
• p. 174

• 9.6
• Digital Archaeology, Digital Forensics and Re-Use
• p. 174

• 9.7
• Multiple Objects
• p. 175

• 9.8
• Summary
• p. 175

• 10
• In Addition to Understanding It - What Is It?: Preservation Description Information
• p. 177

• 10.1
• Introduction
• p. 177

• 10.2
• Fixity Information
• p. 177

• 10.3
• Reference Information
• p. 178

• 10.4
• Context Information
• p. 184

• l0.5
• Provenance Information
• p. 184

• 10.6
• Access Rights Management
• p. 185

• 10.7
• Summary
• p. 190

• 11
• Linking Data and "Metadata": Packaging
• p. 191

• 11.1
• Information Packaging Overview
• p. 191

• 11.2
• Archival Information Packaging
• p. 192

• 11.3
• XFDU
• p. 193

• 11.4
• Summary
• p. 196

• 12
• Basic Preservation Strategies
• p. 197

• 12.1
• Description - Adding Representation Information
• p. 198

• 12.2
• Maintaining Access
• p. 198

• 12.3
• Migration/Transformation
• p. 200

• 12.4
• Summary
• p. 202

• 13
• Authenticity
• p. 203

• 13.1
• Background to Authenticity
• p. 204

• 13.2
• OAIS Definition of Authenticity
• p. 205

• 13.3
• Elements of the Authenticity Conceptual Model
• p. 208

• 13.4
• Overall Authenticity Model
• p. 212

• 13.5
• Authenticity Evidence
• p. 214

• 13.6
• Significant Properties
• p. 214

• 13.7
• Prototype Authenticity Evidence Capture Tool
• p. 221

• 13.8
• Summary
• p. 232

• 14
• Advanced Preservation Analysis
• p. 233

• Co-author Esther Conway

• 14.1
• Preliminary Investigation of Data Holdings
• p. 234

• 14.2
• Stakeholder and Archive Analysis
• p. 235

• 14.3
• Defining a Preservation Objective
• p. 237

• 14.4
• Defining a Designated User Community
• p. 238

• 14.5
• Preservation Information Flows
• p. 240

• 14.6
• Preservation Strategy Topics
• p. 243

• 14.7
• Preservation Plans
• p. 245

• 14.8
• Cost/Benefit/Risk Analysis
• p. 245

• 14.9
• Preservation Analysis Summary
• p. 246

• 14.10
• Preservation Analysis and Representation Information in More Detail
• p. 246

• 14.11
• Network Modelling Approach
• p. 247

• 14.12
• Summary
• p. 264

• Part II
• Practice - Use and Validation of the Tools and Techniques that Can Be Used for Preserving Digitally Encoded Information

• 15
• Testing Claims About Digital Preservation
• p. 267

• 15.1
• "Accelerated Lifetime" Testing of Digital Preservation Techniques
• p. 267

• 15.2
• Summary
• p. 269

• 16
• Tools for Countering the Threats to Digital Preservation
• p. 271

• 16.1
• Key Preservation Components and Infrastructure
• p. 272

• 16.2
• Discipline Independent Aspects
• p. 276

• 16.3
• Discipline Dependence: Toolboxes/Libraries
• p. 284

• 16.4
• Key Infrastructure Components
• p. 284

• 16.5
• Information Package Management
• p. 285

• 16.6
• Information Access
• p. 287

• 16.7
• Designated Community, Knowledge and Provenance Management
• p. 287

• 16.8
• Communication Management
• p. 288

• 16.9
• Security Management
• p. 289

• 17
• The CASPAR Key Components Implementation
• p. 291

• 17.1
• Design Considerations
• p. 291

• 17.2
• Registry/Repository of Representation Information Details
• p. 291

• 17.3
• Virtualizer
• p. 297

• 17.4
• Knowledge Gap Manager
• p. 301

• 17.5
• Preservation Orchestration Manager
• p. 303

• 17.6
• Preservation DataStores
• p. 305

• 17.7
• Data Access and Security
• p. 315

• 17.8
• Digital Rights Management Details
• p. 318

• 17.9
• Find-Finding Manager
• p. 321

• 17.10
• Information Packaging Details
• p. 322

• 17.11
• Authenticity Manager Toolkit
• p. 332

• 17.12
• Representation Information Toolkit
• p. 333

• 17.13
• Key Components - Summary
• p. 335

• 17.14
• Integrated tools
• p. 337

• 18
• Overview of the Testbeds
• p. 341

• 18.1
• Typical Preservation Scenarios
• p. 341

• 18.2
• Generic Criteria and Method to Organise and to Evaluate the Testbeds
• p. 342

• 18.3
• Cross References Between Scenarios and Changes
• p. 343

• 19
• ISTFC Science Testbed
• p. 345

• 19.1
• Dataset Selection
• p. 345

• 19.2
• Challenges Addressed
• p. 345

• 19.3
• Preservation Aims
• p. 347

• 19.4
• Preservation Analysis
• p. 347

• 19.5
• MST RADAR Scenarios
• p. 347

• 19.6
• Ionosonde Data and the WDC Scenarios
• p. 361

• 19.7
• Summary of Testbed Checks
• p. 366

• 20
• European Space Agency Testbed
• p. 367

• 20.1
• Dataset Selection
• p. 369

• 20.2
• Challenge Addressed
• p. 370

• 20.3
• Preservation Aim
• p. 372

• 20.4
• Preservation Analysis
• p. 372

• 20.5
• Scenario ESA1 - Operating System Change
• p. 372

• 20.6
• Additional Workflow Scenarios
• p. 384

• 20.7
• Conclusions
• p. 386

• 21
• Cultural Heritage Testbed
• p. 387

• 21.1
• Dataset Selection
• p. 388

• 21.2
• Challenges Addressed
• p. 396

• 21.3
• Preservation Aim
• p. 396

• 21.4
• Preservation Analysis
• p. 396

• 21.5
• Scenario UNESCO 1: Villa LIVIA
• p. 397

• 21.6
• Related Documentation
• p. 406

• 21.7
• Other Misc Data with a Brief Description
• p. 406

• 21.8
• Glossary
• p. 406

• 22
• Contemporary Performing Arts Testbed
• p. 407

• 22.1
• Historical Introduction to the Issue
• p. 407

• 22.2
• An Insight into Objects
• p. 409

• 22.3
• Challenges of Preservation
• p. 411

• 22.4
• Preserving the Real-Time Processes
• p. 412

• 22.5
• Interactive Multimedia Performance
• p. 419

• 22.6
• CIANTTestbed
• p. 426

• 22.7
• Summary
• p. 428

• Part III
• Is Money Well Spent? Cutting the Cost and Making Sure Money Is Not Wasted

• 23
• Sharing the Effort
• p. 431

• 23.1
• Chain of Preservation
• p. 431

• 23.2
• Mechanisms for Sharing the Burden of Preservation
• p. 431

• 24
• Infrastructure Roadmap
• p. 435

• 24.1
• Requirements for a Science Data Infrastructure
• p. 435

• 24.2
• Possible Financial Infrastructure Concepts and Components
• p. 436

• 24.3
• Possible Organisational and Social Infrastructure Concepts and Components
• p. 437

• 24.4
• Possible Policy Infrastructure Concepts and Components
• p. 446

• 24.5
• Virtualisation of Policies, Resources and Processes
• p. 448

• 24.6
• Technical Science Data Concepts and Components
• p. 449

• 24.7
• Aspects Excluded from This Roadmap
• p. 456

• 24.8
• Relationship to Other Infrastructures
• p. 457

• 24.9
• Summary
• p. 459

• 25
• Who Is Doing a Good Job? Audit and Certification
• p. 461

• 25.1
• Background
• p. 461

• 25.2
• TRAC and Related Documents
• p. 463

• 25.3
• Development of an ISO Accreditation and Certification Process
• p. 464

• 25.4
• Understanding the ISO Trusted Digital Repository Metrics
• p. 465

• 25.5
• Summary
• p. 480

• 26
• Final Thoughts
• p. 481

• References
• p. 483

• Contributors
• p. 495

• Index
• p. 505