The states of Eastern Europe

• Volume 1

• List of Maps
• p. vii

• List of Figures and Tables
• p. ix

• Abbreviations
• p. xi

• List of Contributors
• p. xiii

• Preface
• p. xv

• Acknowledgements
• p. xxxi

• 1
• Introduction
• p. 1

• The Region under Review
• p. 1

• The Role of Civil Society
• p. 2

• The Basis of Ethnicity
• p. 3

• The Slovak Maverick
• p. 4

• The Position of Local Government
• p. 6

• The Torment of Economic Stress
• p. 14

• Resolution through Greater Unity
• p. 19

• Alternative Scenarios for North-east Europe
• p. 20

• Conclusion
• p. 21

• 2
• The Czech Republic
• p. 27

• Introduction
• p. 27

• The Geographical Framework
• p. 28

• The Vestiges of History
• p. 31

• Ethnic Diversity
• p. 56

• Contemporary Frontiers
• p. 63

• Conclusion
• p. 66

• 3
• Hungary
• p. 73

• The Geographical Framework
• p. 73

• Early Settlement
• p. 76

• The Romans in Hungary
• p. 77

• Dark Age Tribal Organization
• p. 79

• The Arrival of the Magyars
• p. 80

• The Turkish Interlude and the Habsburg Recovery
• p. 88

• The Era of Compromise
• p. 97

• The End of the First World War
• p. 108

• The Treaty of Trianon
• p. 110

• The Hungarian Minorities since the Second World War
• p. 119

• Conclusion
• p. 126

• 4
• Poland
• p. 133

• Introduction
• p. 133

• The Geographical Setting
• p. 134

• The Historical Evidence
• p. 138

• The Ethnic Setting
• p. 138

• Poland's Ethnic Minorities
• p. 164

• State Policy Towards Minorities
• p. 173

• Poland's Contemporary Borders
• p. 175

• Conclusion
• p. 178

• 5
• The Slovak Republic
• p. 189

• Introduction
• p. 189

• The Early Historical Legacy
• p. 190

• The Early Modern Period
• p. 204

• The Assertion of Slovakia's Identity
• p. 221

• The Foundation of the Slovak Republic as a New Country in Central Europe
• p. 240

• 6
• Slovenia: Central Europe's Geopolitical Gateway
• p. 249

• Introduction
• p. 249

• Slovenia: A New Nation-State in the Making
• p. 252

• The Slovenian Economy and Demography
• p. 257

• Establishing Slovenian Borders
• p. 264

• A Glance Ahead
• p. 273

• 7
• Conclusion
• p. 277

• Language, Culture and Religion
• p. 278

• The Role of Leadership
• p. 279

• Major Themes in the Development of Nations
• p. 280

• The Process of Transition
• p. 286

• The Role of Regions
• p. 291

• The Way Ahead
• p. 293

• Index
• p. 299

• Volume 2

• List of Maps
• p. ix

• List of Figures and Tables
• p. xi

• Abbreviations
• p. xiii

• List of Contributors
• p. xv

• Acknowledgements
• p. xvii

• Preface
• p. xix

• 1
• Introduction
• p. 1

• The Region under Review
• p. 1

• Interethnic Tension as an Expression of Nationalism
• p. 4

• The Vagaries of the Economy
• p. 14

• The Potential for Cooperation
• p. 19

• Conclusion
• p. 23

• 2
• Albania
• p. 29

• Natural Environment and Resources
• p. 29

• Ethnicity
• p. 34

• State Evolution
• p. 42

• The Role of the Diaspora
• p. 49

• Uncertainty
• p. 52

• 3
• Bosnia and Hercegovina
• p. 55

• Introduction
• p. 55

• 'Muslims' or 'Bosnians'?
• p. 56

• The Dilemma of Muslim Identity
• p. 60

• Muslim Dreams and Tensions within Bosnia
• p. 63

• Conclusion
• p. 67

• 4
• Bulgaria
• p. 71

• Introduction
• p. 71

• The Geographical Backdrop
• p. 72

• The Imprint of History
• p. 75

• Bulgaria's Ethnic Quilt
• p. 90

• Bulgaria's Contemporary Frontiers
• p. 102

• Conclusion
• p. 109

• 5
• Croatia
• p. 115

• Introduction
• p. 115

• The Physical Base as a Factor in the Formation of Croatia
• p. 115

• Croatia in History
• p. 117

• Croatia Today
• p. 126

• Conclusion
• p. 138

• 6
• Macedonia
• p. 141

• Some Early Historical Guideposts
• p. 143

• Macedonia under Ottoman Rule
• p. 144

• Language and State-Formation in the Balkans
• p. 145

• Macedonia and the 'Four Wolves'
• p. 147

• War and the Creation of a Macedonian Republic
• p. 153

• Postwar Yugoslavia and the Republic of Macedonia
• p. 155

• Language and Macedonian National Identity
• p. 157

• Macedonia in the Yugoslav Federation
• p. 158

• The Contradictions of Macedonian Nationality
• p. 160

• 7
• Montenegro
• p. 167

• The Early Slav Kingdoms
• p. 167

• Landscape and the Symbolism of Resistance
• p. 170

• Ottoman Hegemony and the Tribal Order
• p. 171

• Religion and the Montenegrin Proto-state
• p. 171

• Montenegrin Expansion and the Great Powers
• p. 174

• Montenegro Enters a Unified South Slav State
• p. 177

• Interwar Politics
• p. 180

• Communism and Montenegrin Identity, 1941-45
• p. 182

• The Montenegrin Republic and the Second Yugoslavia
• p. 183

• Montenegro and the Break-up of the Second Yugoslavia
• p. 185

• Montenegrin Identity and the Future of the State
• p. 188

• 8
• Romania
• p. 195

• Romania's Territory
• p. 195

• The Origins of the Romanian People
• p. 198

• Preserving the Daco-Roman Inheritance
• p. 201

• The Instinct of Unity in Medieval Times
• p. 205

• The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
• p. 214

• Internal Stability: Ethnic Issues
• p. 222

• Moldova and the Bessarabian Question
• p. 230

• Conclusion
• p. 233

• 9
• Serbia
• p. 247

• Serbs or Serbia?
• p. 247

• The Myth of 'Great Serbia'
• p. 248

• The Origins of the Serbs
• p. 251

• The Early Slav States
• p. 252

• The Golden Age
• p. 252

• The Serbs under the Porte
• p. 255

• The Foundation of the New Serbian State
• p. 259

• State and Nation in the Early Nineteenth Century
• p. 260

• The Scramble for the Balkans
• p. 262

• The 'Ten Years' War'
• p. 266

• Serbia in the Unified South Slav State
• p. 267

• Revolution and the Anti-fascist Struggle
• p. 269

• The Dilemmas of Serbian Indentity in the New Yugoslavia
• p. 270

• Towards the Break-up of the Yugoslav Federation
• p. 275

• Serbia or Yugoslavia?
• p. 277

• 10
• Conclusion
• p. 283

• Language, Culture and Religion
• p. 283

• The Role of Leadership
• p. 285

• Significant Historical Periods in the Development of Balkan Nations
• p. 286

• The Ethnic Quilt or Torn Patchwork?
• p. 294

• Frontier Stability over Time
• p. 295

• The Role of Regions
• p. 300

• The Need for Security
• p. 301

• The Way Ahead
• p. 303

• Future Prospects
• p. 305

• Conclusion
• p. 307

• Index
• p. 313