International law and the resolution of Central and East European transboundary environmental disputes

• Acknowledgements
• p. xi

• List of Cases
• p. xiv

• List of Major Treaties and International Instruments
• p. xvii

• List of Abbreviations
• p. xxi

• Introduction
• p. 1

• Part I
• Central and East European Transboundary Environmental Disputes from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea
• p. 9

• 1
• The Northern Tier: Polluting the Baltic Sea, Dark Clouds over the Black Triangle and Silesian Coal Basins, and East Meets West in Temelin
• p. 11

• I.
• The Baltic Sea
• p. 12

• II.
• The Black Triangle
• p. 16

• III.
• The Silesian Coal Basin
• p. 22

• IV.
• The Temelin nuclear power plant
• p. 25

• 2
• The Southern Tier: Cleaning up after the Soviets, Dumping in the Danube, Dueling Nuclear Power Plants, and Suffocating the Black Sea
• p. 31

• I.
• The environmental legacy of Soviet occupation
• p. 31

• II.
• The Romanian--Bulgarian Danube River Gauntlet
• p. 35

• III.
• The Romanian--Bulgarian Nuclear Corridor
• p. 38

• IV.
• The Black Sea
• p. 42

• Conclusion to Part I
• p. 45

• Part II
• Using International Law to Resolve the Slovak--Hungarian Dispute concerning the Construction and Operation of the Gabcikovo--Nagymaros Project
• p. 49

• 3
• The Dispute-Formation Phase: Soviet-Inspired Designs to Harness the Power of the Danube and Post-transformation Second Thoughts
• p. 51

• I.
• Factors encouraging the negotiation and adoption of the 1977 Agreement
• p. 52

• II.
• The growing awareness of the environmental consequences of the Gabcikovo--Nagymaros Project
• p. 55

• III.
• Hungary's initial proposals to modify the Gabcikovo--Nagymaros Project
• p. 58

• 4
• The Pre-Resolution Phase: Enter Sub-state Actors, Third Parties and International Law
• p. 60

• I.
• The involvement of sub-state actors
• p. 60

• II.
• The involvement of third parties
• p. 62

• III.
• Attempts to establish or identify appropriate dispute resolution mechanisms
• p. 64

• IV.
• The use of international law to frame negotiating positions
• p. 65

• 5
• The Resolution Phase: Making the Case to the International Court of Justice
• p. 67

• I.
• Inquiry and mediation by the European Commission
• p. 68

• II.
• The submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice
• p. 70

• III.
• The multifarious issues and options put before the International Court of Justice
• p. 73

• IV.
• The determination of certain factual and legal questions by the International Court of Justice
• p. 77

• 6
• The Implementation Phase: Back to the Negotiating Table and Possibly Back to the Court
• p. 109

• I.
• The preliminary efforts of Slovakia and Hungary to negotiate a joint operating regime
• p. 109

• II.
• Situational circumstances affecting the negotiation and implementation of a joint operating regime
• p. 112

• III.
• Sub-state actors and interested third parties influencing the negotiation and implementation of a joint operating regime
• p. 113

• IV.
• Prospects for the enforcement and verification of a joint operating regime
• p. 116

• Conclusion to Part II
• p. 118

• Part III
• Understanding the Role of International Law
• p. 121

• 7
• The Regime of International Law: Its Nature and Function
• p. 123

• I.
• The nature of international law as a constituent element of the international regime of transboundary environmental protection
• p. 123

• II.
• The functions served by international law during the four phases of the transboundary environmental dispute resolution process
• p. 127

• 8
• Influencing the Utilization of International Law: Sub-State Actors, Interested Third Parties, Situational Circumstances and Factors of Functionality
• p. 135

• I.
• Sub-state actors
• p. 135

• II.
• Interested third parties
• p. 139

• III.
• Situational circumstances affecting the role of international law in the transboundary environmental dispute resolution process
• p. 145

• IV.
• Factors promoting the functionality of international law within the regime of transboundary environmental protection
• p. 154

• Conclusion to Part III
• p. 162

• Part IV
• Prospects for an Increasing Role for International Law in Promoting Central and East European Transboundary Environmental Dispute Resolution
• p. 165

• 9
• Gauging the Operability of International Law: the Evolving Circumstances
• p. 167

• I.
• Ecological circumstances
• p. 167

• II.
• Economic circumstances
• p. 170

• III.
• Domestic political circumstances
• p. 175

• IV.
• International political circumstances
• p. 179

• V.
• National minority circumstances
• p. 182

• 10
• Predicting the Future: an Increasing Role for International Law?
• p. 188

• I.
• The Practice of Central and East European states applying international law to resolve international disputes
• p. 188

• II.
• The practice of Central and East European states applying municipal environmental law to resolve domestic resource disputes
• p. 191

• III.
• The correlation of Central and East European environmental law with municipal international environmental law
• p. 197

• IV.
• The accessibility of international judicial dispute resolution mechanisms to Central and East European states
• p. 199

• V.
• The incentive for Central and East European states to utilize international law to assist with the resolution of transboundary environmental disputes
• p. 204

• VI.
• The perceived capacity of international law to assist in the resolution of Central and East European transboundary environmental disputes
• p. 207

• Conclusion to Part IV
• p. 215

• Conclusion
• p. 218

• Notes
• p. 228

• Bibliography
• p. 280

• Index
• p. 325