Safe third countries

• Preface
• p. xi

• 1
• Refugees and International Relations
• p. 1

• The Emergence of the International Regime
• p. 4

• The Early Years of International Co-operation
• p. 5

• Normative and Institutional Provisions
• p. 8

• The Formal Basis: The Geneva Convention and the Definition of a Refugee
• p. 9

• The Right of Asylum: Rights of the Individual Versus the Right of the State
• p. 11

• The Limitation of Sovereignty and the Norm of Non-Refoulement
• p. 12

• The Evolution of Refugee Protection: Between Change and Stagnation
• p. 14

• Phase 1
• The European Refugee Problem
• p. 15

• Phase 2
• The Dislocation of the Refugee Problem
• p. 16

• Phase 3
• The Reorientation of European Asylum Policies
• p. 18

• Conclusion
• p. 21

• Notes
• p. 24

• 2
• The Emergence of the EU Refugee Regime
• p. 29

• Co-Operation in the Council of Europe
• p. 30

• Intergovernmental Negotiations in the 1980'S
• p. 34

• The Institutional Framework
• p. 35

• The Schengen and Dublin Conventions
• p. 38

• From Maastricht to Amsterdam
• p. 42

• Towards a 'European' Refugee Policy
• p. 43

• The Third Pillar
• p. 44

• The Amsterdam Treaty
• p. 45

• The 'Acquis'
• p. 47

• The Clearing House
• p. 48

• The London Resolution on Manifestly Unfounded Applications for Asylum
• p. 49

• The London Resolution on a Harmonised Approach to Questions Concerning 'Safe Third Countries'
• p. 50

• The London Conclusions on Countries Where There is Generally No Serious Risk of Persecution
• p. 53

• Procedural Guarantees for the Treatment of Asylum Seekers
• p. 54

• Harmonising the Definition of 'Refugee'
• p. 55

• Actions Taken With Regard to Refugees From the Former Yugoslavia
• p. 57

• The Supranational Voice
• p. 58

• Initiatives Taken by the European Parliament
• p. 59

• Initiatives Taken by the European Commission
• p. 61

• Conclusion
• p. 63

• Notes
• p. 67

• 3
• The Extension of the EU Refugee Regime
• p. 73

• The Export of Asylum and Immigration Policies: Intergovernmental Processes
• p. 75

• Unilateral and Bilateral Activities
• p. 75

• The Adoption of the 'Safe Third Country' Rule
• p. 76

• Readmission Agreements
• p. 78

• Sealing the Eastern Borders
• p. 82

• The Establishment of Asylum Systems
• p. 85

• The EU Intergovernmental Level
• p. 90

• Early Signs of Extension: Schengen, Dublin and Third Countries
• p. 91

• Activities Under the Third Pillar: The Harmonisation of Readmission Agreements
• p. 92

• Overarching Multilateral Activities
• p. 95

• The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Unhcr)
• p. 96

• The International Organisation for Migration (Iom)
• p. 98

• The Organisation on Security and Co-Operation in Europe (Osce)
• p. 98

• The Council of Europe
• p. 99

• The Budapest Process
• p. 102

• The Political Frame: Asylum, Immigration and Eu Membership
• p. 105

• The Politics of Enlargement: The Institutional Framework
• p. 106

• Asylum and Immigration: Conditions for Membership
• p. 110

• The Europe Agreements
• p. 112

• The Structured Dialogue
• p. 112

• The Accession Partnerships
• p. 115

• The Phare Programme
• p. 118

• Other EU Activities
• p. 120

• Conclusion
• p. 121

• Notes
• p. 125

• 4
• Central and Eastern Europe's Adaptation to the EU 'Acquis'
• p. 129

• Bulgaria
• p. 131

• The Czech Republic
• p. 133

• Hungary
• p. 137

• Poland
• p. 142

• Romania
• p. 146

• Slovenia
• p. 149

• Slovakia
• p. 150

• The Baltic States
• p. 152

• Conclusion
• p. 154

• Notes
• p. 158

• 5
• A Clash of Regimes? European versus International Refugee Protection
• p. 161

• The Principle of Internal Security
• p. 162

• The Norms of Redistribution
• p. 165

• The Rules of Intergovernmentalism
• p. 170

• Conclusion
• p. 174

• References
• p. 177

• Index
• p. 185