The Jews in Europe in the modern era

• List of Tables
• p. xiii

• Preface
• p. xv

• Chapter 1
• Demography and Social (Re)Stratification
• p. 1

• The Diaspora in Europe and the world in numbers
• p. 1

• Beginnings of 'strategic' migrations in the modern era and the immigration into Hungary
• p. 4

• The logic of the East-West migratory movements
• p. 9

• 'Overurbanization'
• p. 15

• Residential differentiation, segregation and urbanization
• p. 20

• 'Demographic transition' and modernization
• p. 23

• Social circumstances of rapid demographic modernization
• p. 29

• Demographic consequences of renouncing religious affiliation
• p. 34

• Heterogamy and de-Judaization
• p. 39

• Dismantling of feudalism as a liberating process
• p. 47

• Historical antecedents of economic modernization: exclusion and its compensation
• p. 50

• Religious intellectualism and economic modernization
• p. 57

• Collective dispositions and group identity as economic capital
• p. 61

• External socio-historical conditions of restratification
• p. 66

• General features of economic modernization: self-sufficiency and urban concentration
• p. 70

• Free market propensities and entrepreneurial flair
• p. 75

• Reproduction of intermediary functions in commerce and finance
• p. 79

• Specialization and capital concentration in commerce and credit
• p. 82

• Archaism and modernization in industry
• p. 85

• Traditionalism and restratification in intellectual occupations
• p. 88

• Cultural capital and the 'dual structure' of intellectual markets
• p. 92

• The cultural industry, assimilation, and intellectual achievements
• p. 96

• Social circumstances of Jewish 'overeducation'
• p. 100

• 'Overeducation,' assimilation and strategies of integration
• p. 105

• Assimilatory pressure and the influence of cultural heritage on restratification within the intelligentsia
• p. 109

• Assimilationist compensation and creativity
• p. 113

• Chapter 2
• The Challenge of Emancipation. Jewish Policies of the New Nation States and Empires (18th-20th Centuries)
• p. 117

• Circumstances of political renewal
• p. 117

• Modernization programs affecting the Jews
• p. 121

• Post-feudalistic sources of the 'Jewish Question'
• p. 125

• Social circumstances of (near-) unconditional emancipation and integration in the West
• p. 131

• Denominational components of integration and emancipation in the West
• p. 137

• Local approaches to integration in the West
• p. 140

• 'Enlightened' absolutism, or historical antecedents of the modern 'Jewish policy' of Central European powers
• p. 148

• Seeds of absolutist emancipation and Jewry in the Habsburg Empire
• p. 155

• Aufklarung, Haskalah and 'conditional emancipation' in the German world
• p. 159

• Haskalah and modalities of national assimilation in the Austrian Monarchy
• p. 165

• Hungary and the Balkans: more or less successful examples of national integration
• p. 169

• Political sources of the rejection of emancipation in Russia and Romania
• p. 173

• Integration and exclusion under Russian absolutism
• p. 177

• Pogram policy and state anti-Semitism at the end of the tsarist regime
• p. 181

• Emancipation and forced assimilation after 1917: the ordeals of the Russian Civil War and Bolshevik dictatorship
• p. 186

• United Romania, or a case study in Judaeophobic nation-building
• p. 191

• Chapter 3
• Identity Constructions and Strategies since the Haskalah. Assimilation, Its Crises and the Birth of Jewish Nationalisms
• p. 197

• Inherited group identity and the challenge of assimilation
• p. 197

• Concomitants of the new identity strategies
• p. 202

• Assimilation as an impossible undertaking
• p. 205

• Paradigms of rapprochement: acculturation and 'adoptive nationalism'
• p. 208

• Religious indifferentism and religious reform
• p. 214

• Factors influencing social integration and 'counter-assimilation'
• p. 215

• Modernization of society at large and chances of assimilation
• p. 218

• 'Counter-assimilation'
• p. 222

• Self-denial and conversion: a forced path of assimilation
• p. 225

• Conversion, mixed marriage, 'nationalization' of surnames
• p. 230

• Crises of assimilation as psychic disturbance and traumatic experience
• p. 234

• Other pathologies of assimilation: dissimulation, compensation and dissimilation
• p. 240

• The crisis of assimilation and the nationalist responses
• p. 243

• Main socio-historical dimensions of Jewish nationalism
• p. 250

• Intellectual forerunners of Zionism
• p. 255

• 'Lovers of Zion,' or 'practical Zionists'
• p. 258

• Establishment of political Zionism and its initial dilemmas
• p. 262

• The ideological complexion of Zionism and the 'Zionist synthesis'
• p. 266

• The organization of Zionism in Europe
• p. 271

• The anti-Zionist camp and its points of reference
• p. 275

• Emigrants and those taking the path of aliyah
• p. 278

• The ideological spectrum of the Zionist movement
• p. 280

• The Zionist extreme left and extreme right
• p. 286

• Cultural autonomism, or the liberal branch of Jewish nationalism
• p. 289

• The Jewish Socialist movement in Eastern Europe
• p. 294

• Chapter 4
• The Road to the Shoah. From Christian Anti-Judaism to Radical Anti-Semitism
• p. 299

• Making sense of nonsense
• p. 299

• The logic of stigmatization and the Christian precedent
• p. 303

• Anti-Semitism as a self-inducing and self-fulfilling prophecy
• p. 309

• Functional models of modern anti-Semitism: the code of negativity and symbolic violence
• p. 313

• Anti-Semitism as a compensatory mechanism for social disadvantage
• p. 317

• Scapegoating, occupational competition and class rivalries
• p. 320

• Anti-Semitism and conflicting political interests
• p. 324

• Mechanisms of 'poor concertation' and 'Jewish conspiracy'
• p. 327

• Anti-Semitism as anticapitalism
• p. 330

• Judaeophobia and romantic nationalism
• p. 333

• Intellectual sources of the ideology of 'rootedness'
• p. 336

• The 'Aryan myth' and early versions of racial doctrine
• p. 340

• Chamberlain, the father and high priest of anti-Semitic racial doctrine
• p. 343

• Forms and historical dimensions of anti-Jewish violence in the recent past
• p. 346

• The revival of political anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe
• p. 351

• Two 'liberal' counterexamples: France and Hungary
• p. 356

• Austria from von Schonerer and Lueger to the Anschluss
• p. 360

• German imperial anti-Semitism from court chaplain Stocker to Hitler
• p. 367

• The rise of Nazism and the road to the Shoah
• p. 372

• The implementation of the genocide
• p. 377

• The Shoah. Local variants and the reaction of the Allied
• p. 381

• Chapter 5
• Epilogue: After 1945
• p. 387

• Survivors of the Shoah, or the impossible return
• p. 387

• Trauma of survival and painful 'liberation'
• p. 392

• Exodus and the questionable 'new start' in sovietized Eastern Europe
• p. 397

• People of the Shoah
• p. 404

• Israel and the new Jewish identity
• p. 411

• Religious indifferentism and 're-Judaization'
• p. 415

• Hostages of Cold War in the Soviet Union
• p. 419

• Remnant Jews and new fangled anti-Semitism in the Soviet satellites
• p. 425

• Anti-Semitism in the West, new and old: a changing balance of forces to fight it
• p. 431

• New conditions of social integration in the East and West
• p. 441

• Communism and Jewry
• p. 446

• Concluding remarks
• p. 452

• Selected Bibliography for Further Reading
• p. 455

• Biographical Index
• p. 465