The Routledge companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919

• Introductory note: the scope of this book
• p. x

• Geographical equivalents
• p. xii

• Politically inspired name changes
• p. xiv

• Personal names
• p. xv

• A brief guide to pronunciation
• p. xvi

• Acknowledgements
• p. xviii

• Section I
• The reordering of Europe
• p. 1

• 1.1
• The background to 1919
• p. 2

• 1.2
• Versailles, the establishment of the new order and its consequences
• p. 7

• 1.3
• The concept and history of nationalism in eastern Europe
• p. 14

• 1.4
• Authoritarianism, fascism and the problem of national minorities from 1919 to 1939
• p. 19

• 1.5
• Anti-Semitism
• p. 24

• 1.6
• The liberal tradition
• p. 26

• 1.7
• Communism
• p. 29

• 1.8
• Titoism
• p. 37

• 1.9
• Politics since 1990
• p. 39

• Section II
• Historical chronology of key events
• p. 45

• 2.1
• Key events before Versailles
• p. 46

• 2.2
• Key events from Versailles to the outbreak of the Second World War
• p. 50

• 2.3
• Key events during the Second World War
• p. 61

• 2.4
• Key events between the end of the Second World War and the death of Stalin
• p. 70

• 2.5
• Key events during the Communist period 1953-89
• p. 85

• 2.6
• Key events since the fall of Communism Central and eastern Europe excluding Yugoslavia
• p. 96

• 2.7
• The disintegration of Yugoslavia and its aftermath
• p. 113

• Section III
• Thematic chronologies
• p. 139

• 3.1
• The rise of authoritarianism 1919-39
• p. 140

• 3.2
• Anti-Semitism: character, scale and scope
• p. 154

• 3.3
• Wartime administration, collaboration, government and resistance
• p. 158

• 3.4
• Post-war retribution and revenge
• p. 166

• 3.5
• Communism
• p. 169

• 3.5.1
• The post-war consolidation of Communist power
• p. 169

• 3.5.2
• The purges and the show trials
• p. 179

• 3.5.3
• The struggle between church and state
• p. 182

• 3.5.4
• Orthodoxy and reform 1953-90
• p. 185

• 3.5.5
• The reformed Communist Parties since 1990
• p. 188

• 3.6
• Foreign affairs
• p. 191

• 3.6.1
• Regional agreements and alliances 1919-39
• p. 191

• 3.6.2
• Wartime allegiances
• p. 196

• 3.6.3
• The Communist period
• p. 198

• 3.6.4
• Regional relations and relations with East and West since 1990
• p. 207

• Section IV
• The nation states
• p. 213

• 4.1
• Introduction
• p. 214

• 4.2
• States and regions of central and eastern Europe: origins, characteristics and particularisms
• p. 215

• 4.3
• The countries of 'further' eastern Europe
• p. 230

• 4.4
• The impact of the EU, NATO and Russia since 1990
• p. 233

• Section V
• Special topics
• p. 243

• 5.1
• The economy
• p. 244

• 5.1.1
• The economy 1919-39
• p. 244

• 5.1.2
• The impact of the Second World War
• p. 247

• 5.1.3
• Post-war reconstruction under Communist rule
• p. 248

• 5.1.4
• The impact of 1990
• p. 252

• 5.1.5
• The economy: recent developments
• p. 253

• 5.1.6
• Comparative GDP
• p. 255

• 5.2
• The environment
• p. 257

• 5.2.1
• The Communist legacy
• p. 257

• 5.2.2
• The impact of 1990
• p. 259

• 5.3
• Human statistics
• p. 263

• 5.3.1
• Population statistics
• p. 263

• 5.3.2
• Ethnic minorities
• p. 264

• 5.3.3
• War losses
• p. 265

• 5.3.4
• The post-war migrations
• p. 266

• 5.3.5
• Life expectancy in years (2003)
• p. 267

• 5.4
• Culture
• p. 268

• 5.4.1
• Cosmopolitanism and cultural nationalism
• p. 268

• 5.4.2
• The Arts under Fascism and Communism
• p. 269

• 5.4.3
• Post-war rebuilding of the national heritage
• p. 271

• 5.4.4
• Linguistic politics
• p. 272

• Section VI
• People
• p. 275

• 6.1
• Office holders
• p. 276

• 6.1.1
• Heads of State
• p. 276

• 6.1.2
• Heads of government (prime ministers/premiers, unless otherwise indicated)
• p. 283

• 6.1.3
• Heads of the Communist Party Politburo
• p. 294

• 6.2
• Communist Party membership statistics
• p. 296

• 6.3
• Major assassinations, suicides and political executions
• p. 298

• 6.4
• Biographies
• p. 300

• Section VII
• Glossary of specialist terms
• p. 327

• Section VIII
• Historiography
• p. 335

• Maps
• p. 345

• Index
• p. 349