The Thirty Years War

• List of Illustrations

• List of Maps and Battle Plans

• List of Tables

• Note on Form

• The Habsburg Family Tree 1500-1665

• Note on Currencies

• Preface

• Part 1
• Beginnings

• Introduction

• Three Men and a Window

• Interpretations

• The Argument

• Trouble in the Heart of Christendom

• The Empire

• Confessionalization

• Religion and Imperial Law

• Casa d'Austria

• Lands and Dynasty

• Estates and Confession

• The Catholic Revival

• The Turkish War and its Consequences

• The Turkish Menace

• The Ways of War

• The Long Turkish War

• The Brothers' Quarrel

• Pax Hispanica

• The Spanish Monarchy

• The Dutch Revolt 1568-1609

• The Spanish Road

• Spanish Peace-making 161

• Dominium Maris Baltici

• Denmark

• The Divided House of Vasa

• Poland-Lithuania

• From Rudolf to Matthias 1582-1612

• Religion and the German Princes

• Confession and Imperial Politics to 1608

• Union and Liga 1608-9

• The Ju¿ lich-Cleves Crisis 1609-10

• On the Brink?

• Emperor Matthias

• The Uskok War and the Habsburg Succession 1615-17 255

• Palatine Brinkmanship

• Part 2
• Conflict

• The Bohemian Revolt 1618-20

• For Liberty and Privilege

• A King for a Crown

• Ferdinand Gathers his Forces

• White Mountain

• Accounting for Failure

• Ferdinand Triumphant 1621-4

• The Palatine Cause

• Protestant Paladins

• The Catholic Ascendancy 1621-9

• Olivares and Richelieu

• Olivares

• Richelieu

• The Valtellina

• Denmark's War against the Emperor 1625-9

• Trouble in Lower Saxony

• Wallenstein

• Denmark's Defeat 1626-9

• The Threat of European War 1628-30

• The Baltic

• The Netherlands

• Mantua and La Rochelle

• The Edict of Restitution

• The Regensburg Electoral Congress 1630

• The Lion of the North 1630-2

• Swedish Intervention

• Between the Lion and the Eagle

• The Swedish Empire

• Calls for Assistance

• Zenith

• Without Gustavus 1633-4

• The Heilbronn League

• Tension along the Rhine

• Spain Intervenes

• Wallenstein: the Final Act

• The Two Ferdinands

• For the Liberty of Germany 1635-6

• Richelieu Resolves on War

• The War in the West 1635-6

• The Peace of Prague 1635

• Appeals to Patriotism

• Renewed Efforts for Peace

• Habsburg High Tide 1637-40

• Stalemate

• Resolution on the Rhine

• Peace for North Germany?

• In the Balance 1641-3

• The Franco-Swedish Alliance 1641

• The War in the Empire 1642-3

• Spain's Growing Crisis 1635-43

• From Breda to Rocroi 1637-43

• Pressure to Negotiate 1644-5

• The Westphalian Congress

• France in Germany 1644

• The Baltic Becomes Swedish 1643-5

• 1645: Annus horribilis et mirabilis

• War or Peace 1646-8

• A Crisis of Confidence 1646

• Towards Consensus

• Spain's Peace with the Dutch

• The Final Round 1648

• Part 3
• Aftermath

• The Westphalian Settlement

• The International Dimension

• A Christian Peace

• Demobilization

• The Imperial Recovery

• The Human and Material Cost

• An All-destructive Fury?

• The Demographic Impact

• The Economic Impact

• The Crisis of the Territorial State

• Cultural Impact

• Experiencing War

• The Nature of Experience

• Military-Civil Relations

• Perceptions

• Commemoration

• Abbreviations

• Notes

• Index