Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies

• List of Figures
• p. viii

• List of Tables
• p. x

• Notation of Variables
• p. xii

• Preface
• p. xiii

• 1
• Introduction: Electoral Systems and Party Systems in the New European Democracies
• p. 1

• 1.1
• Previous research
• p. 2

• 1.2
• Relevance and innovations of this study
• p. 6

• 1.3
• A short guide through this book
• p. 11

• 1.4
• Conclusions
• p. 13

• 2
• The Puzzle of Electoral Systems' Impact in Post-Communist Democracies
• p. 15

• 2.1
• Introduction
• p. 15

• 2.2
• Electoral systems and party systems - the conventional view
• p. 17

• 2.3
• The empirical puzzle: And it all looks like nonsense...
• p. 30

• 2.4
• Conclusions: Do electoral systems not work in post-communist countries?
• p. 36

• 3
• How to Measure Party Nationalisation
• p. 37

• 3.1
• Introduction: The relevance of party nationalisation and the lack of a reliable measure
• p. 37

• 3.2
• Previous measures of party nationalisation
• p. 39

• 3.3
• The Gini coefficient to measure regional heterogeneity
• p. 45

• 3.4
• Developments on the party nationalisation score: The impact of the size of territorial units
• p. 47

• 3.5
• Testing the 'standardised party nationalisation score' on Central and Eastern European data
• p. 52

• 3.6
• Conclusions
• p. 56

• 4
• Explaining the Nationalisation of Party Systems in Central and Eastern Europe
• p. 58

• 4.1
• Introduction: Why study party nationalisation?
• p. 58

• 4.2
• Four explanations for party nationalisation
• p. 60

• 4.3
• Operationalisation
• p. 65

• 4.4
• Party nationalisation in Central and Eastern Europe
• p. 67

• 4.5
• Conclusions: Determinants of party nationalisation
• p. 83

• 5
• How Party Systems Develop in Mixed Electoral Systems
• p. 86

• 5.1
• Introduction
• p. 86

• 5.2
• Mixed electoral systems: Terminology and application
• p. 89

• 5.3
• How much compensation in mixed compensatory electoral systems?
• p. 93

• 5.4
• Economics of votes: The run for better conversion rates
• p. 96

• 5.5
• Party system stability and party system change
• p. 102

• 5.6
• The consequences of mixed electoral systems - empirical study
• p. 108

• 5.7
• Identifying party system equilibria
• p. 117

• 5.8
• How to transform a compensatory into a non-compensatory system
• p. 123

• 5.9
• The best of both worlds? Preliminary conclusions and suggestions for further research
• p. 129

• 6
• Counting Votes and Places: The Joint Effect of Electoral Rules and Territory
• p. 132

• 6.1
• Introduction
• p. 132

• 6.2
• About methodology: Going beyond directional models in political science
• p. 134

• 6.3
• How to resolve the Central and Eastern European electoral system puzzle?
• p. 135

• 6.4
• A model of district magnitude, number of districts and party nationalisation
• p. 140

• 6.5
• The importance of national electoral thresholds
• p. 144

• 6.6
• Umbrellas and rainbows - the early development of the new party systems
• p. 147

• 6.7
• Testing the full party nationalisation model
• p. 149

• 6.8
• A comprehensive model for the fragmentation of party systems
• p. 156

• 6.9
• Conclusions
• p. 161

• 7
• Conclusions: An Institutional Model to Predict the Number of Parties in Central and Eastern Europe
• p. 163

• 7.1
• A two-step model to investigate the effect of party nationalisation and electoral systems
• p. 164

• 7.2
• Territorial ethnic divides, super-presidencies and party nationalisation
• p. 165

• 7.3
• The joint impact of party nationalisation and district magnitude
• p. 166

• 7.4
• A comprehensive model for the fragmentation of party systems
• p. 168

• 7.5
• Mixed electoral systems - the surprise packet among the electoral systems
• p. 168

• 7.6
• Institutions work
• p. 169

• 7.7
• Relation to previous studies of electoral systems
• p. 170

• 7.8
• Party nationalisation and the size of party systems in different contexts
• p. 171

• Appendices
• p. 174

• Appendix A
• p. 174

• Appendix B
• p. 175

• Appendix C
• p. 176

• Notes
• p. 177

• Bibliography
• p. 197

• Index
• p. 213