The village and the class war

• List of Tables and Graphs
• p. ix

• List of Photographs
• p. xi

• Preface
• p. 1

• 1
• The Land Question in Estonia
• p. 3

• 1.1
• Agriculture and the First Soviet Year 1940-41
• p. 4

• 1.2
• Nazi Occupation 1941-1944
• p. 8

• 1.3
• Reconstruction of Soviet Estonia
• p. 12

• 1.4
• Estonians Living in the Soviet Union
• p. 13

• 1.5
• Land Reform 1944-45
• p. 17

• 1.6
• The Anti-kulak Campaign 1947-49
• p. 20

• 1.7
• Deportation
• p. 25

• 1.8
• The Aim of the Book
• p. 28

• 1.9
• The Local Study
• p. 32

• 1.10
• Organization of the Book
• p. 33

• 2
• Soviet Repression as a Special Case of State Violence
• p. 37

• 2.1
• Research into Violence in the Soviet System
• p. 40

• 2.2
• Kulaks and Collectivisation in 1929-32
• p. 44

• 2.3
• The Estonian Anti-kulak Campaign
• p. 52

• 2.4
• Comparing Anti-kulak Campaigns in 1929-32 and 1947-49
• p. 58

• 2.5
• Aspects Pursued in this Local Study
• p. 51

• 2.6
• The Soviet Estonian Archives
• p. 60

• 3
• The Anti-kulak Campaign
• p. 71

• 3.1
• Seizing Power
• p. 74

• 3.2
• Local Authorities
• p. 77

• 3.3
• The Land Reform
• p. 80

• 3.4
• Persecution of the Kulaks Begins
• p. 84

• 3.5
• Was there Freedom of Action?
• p. 90

• 3.6
• Appeals against kulak status
• p. 91

• 3.7
• The Kulak Taxes
• p. 96

• 3.8
• The Exclusion of Kulaks
• p. 100

• 3.9
• From Campaign to Deportation
• p. 103

• 3.10
• Liquidation of the Kulaks
• p. 106

• 3.11
• The Extent of Local Participation
• p. 107

• 4
• Inventing Kulaks
• p. 113

• 4.1
• The Process
• p. 116

• 4.2
• The Voices of Kulaks
• p. 118

• 4.3
• The Appeals
• p. 120

• 4.4
• Retroactive Soviet Law
• p. 123

• 4.5
• Negotiations Concerning Exploitation
• p. 125

• 4.6
• Negotiations Concerning Prisoners of War
• p. 127

• 4.7
• The Political Criteria
• p. 132

• 4.8
• Kulak Strategies
• p. 141

• 4.9
• Negotiation as Participation
• p. 146

• 4.10
• The Result of Negotiations: Kulak Declarations
• p. 147

• 4.11
• Conclusions
• p. 155

• 5
• Participation at the Local Level
• p. 159

• 5.1
• The Local Nomenklatura
• p. 162

• 5.2
• The Cadre Policy
• p. 166

• 5.3
• The Reluctant Henchman
• p. 170

• 5.4
• The Ambitious Bureaucrat
• p. 173

• 5.5
• The Tender Wolf
• p. 176

• 5.6
• Persecute or Perish
• p. 178

• 5.7
• Persecution as a Social Process
• p. 181

• 5.8
• Communist Party and Councils in Viljandi County
• p. 185

• 5.9
• The Security Forces
• p. 191

• 5.10
• Why did Local People Participate?
• p. 194

• 6
• Epilogue of March 1949
• p. 201

• 6.1
• Rapid Collectivisation
• p. 203

• 6.2
• Division of the Spoils
• p. 208

• 6.3
• Stepping Out of Line
• p. 209

• 6.4
• Not on the Deportation List
• p. 210

• 6.5
• A Normal Stalinist Purge
• p. 216

• 6.6
• The Purge of ECP in 1950
• p. 223

• 6.7
• Lessons of the Campaign
• p. 226

• 7
• The Grammar of Terror
• p. 231

• 7.1
• Responsibility and Participation
• p. 234

• 7.2
• Participation and Discourse
• p. 235

• 7.3
• Participation in a Bureaucratic Procedure
• p. 238

• 7.4
• Participants-How did They Get There?
• p. 240

• 7.5
• Openness and Legitimacy
• p. 248

• 7.6
• The Importance of War
• p. 251

• 7.7
• A Grammar of Terror?
• p. 254

• Appendixes
• p. 261

• Bibliography
• p. 273

• Index
• p. 281