"De manibus Valachorum scismaticorum ..."

• Introduction
• p. 11

• 1
• How could the mechanism of power in the Middle Ages be understood
• p. 19

• 2
• An explanation: why the Romanians and their country (countries) have two names
• p. 27

• 3
• Between grandeur and decadence: Hungary during the last Árpádian century and the new Angevin century
• p. 41

• 4
• The others and power: ethnicities and religions in mediaeval Hungary and Transylvania (Up until the fourteenth century)
• p. 57

• 4.1
• Preliminaries
• p. 57

• 4.2
• How many Hungarians were there around the year 900 and what were they like?
• p. 60

• 4.3
• The written tradition on the ethnic composition of Pannonia and Transylvania during the pre-Magyar period. The Romanians
• p. 62

• 4.4
• The Romanians as they appear in the sources up until the fourteenth century
• p. 66

• 4.5
• New population groups coming to Hungary during the Árpádian period (the twelfth-thirteenth centuries)
• p. 68

• 4.6
• A general overview of the ethnic groups in Hungary between the ninth and the fourteenth centuries
• p. 72

• 4.7
• "Christians", "schismatics", Jews, Muslims and other "pagans": confessions in Hungary until the beginning of the fourteenth century
• p. 73

• 4.8
• "How faithful and grateful to the Lord he was": Louis I's religious policy and its outcomes
• p. 80

• 4.9
• Conclusions
• p. 83

• 5
• "Masters of our own land for a thousand years": The ancientness of the Romanians as portrayed by the official documents
• p. 87

• 6
• The Fourth Crusade (1203-1204) or the western method of eradicating the "schism"
• p. 103

• 6.1
• The Holy See's programme of rebuilding the ecclesiastical unity
• p. 104

• 6.2
• The perception of the action of 1204 in the public Byzantine mentality
• p. 105

• 6.3
• The policy of Innocent III (and his successors): placing the Church of the East under the aegis of the Roman Church
• p. 106

• 6.4
• Why the "schism" had to be eradicated (in Innocent III's perspective)
• p. 107

• 6.5
• "The limbs of the Roman Church shall not disobey its custom": pathways to follow and obstacles to overcome in subjecting the East
• p. 108

• 6.6
• The religious policies in the Eastern regions dominated by the "Latin" crusaders
• p. 109

• 6.7
• The western policy in other states of the Byzantine Commonwealth
• p. 110

• 6.8
• Rome's policy regarding the Eastern Church and population in the Kingdom of Hungary
• p. 112

• 6.9
• Conclusions
• p. 116

• 7
• The elite of the Romanians in and around Transylvania in the tenth-thirteenth centuries-landowners, fighters and political leaders
• p. 119

• 7.1
• Romanian landowners dispossessed in the thirteenth century
• p. 120

• 7.2
• Romanian militaries in the thirteenth century
• p. 125

• 7.3
• Romanian political leaders in their "lands" (the thirteenth century)
• p. 126

• 7.4
• Why did so many Romanians appear in the written records after 1200?
• p. 132

• 8
• Transylvanian (Hungarian) feudalism or sui-generis organisation?
• p. 135

• 9
• Land and power: the official landholding mechanism in the Kingdom of Hungary
• p. 147

• 10
• Knezes and their status as rulers and owners in the Romanian world
• p. 163

• 10.1
• Preliminary considerations
• p. 163

• 10.2
• What does the form of the name knez indicate?
• p. 164

• 10.3
• "In the previous centuries, a kenez was an independent owner and the head of the people under his jurisdiction"
• p. 166

• 10.4
• What did the knezial rule mean, according to the documents of the period?
• p. 168

• 10.5
• The knezes' subjects or the commoners from the villages
• p. 177

• 10.6
• The Romanians' (knezes') consciousness of masters and its manifestations
• p. 180

• 10.7
• "Manly feats of loyalty": knezes as (military) fighters
• p. 198

• 10.8
• "Let him be tried under the Romanian law": the knezes' judicial responsibilities
• p. 212

• 10.9
• "For the forgiveness of Knez Balea's wrongs" or knezes as the patrons of the Eastern Churches
• p. 220

• 10.10
• The Romanian knezes and their political organisations: the Romanian districts (lands)
• p. 225

• 11
• "Within their true, right and ancient boundaries": The grounds of the Romanian knezes' and nobles' landholding rights
• p. 231

• 12
• "Liberties, uses, services and duties" of the knezes and of knezial villages
• p. 253

• 13
• Power deprivation: Dispossessed knezes and subdued Romanian villages
• p. 267

• 14
• How the Romanians lived with the Hungarians, the Saxons and the Szeklers in the Middle Ages
• p. 283

• 14.1
• Ethnic differences
• p. 283

• 14.2
• The Romanians and the Szeklers
• p. 288

• 14.3
• Foreign enclaves and reactions against them
• p. 292

• 14.4
• Romanians, Cumans, Hungarians and Saxons
• p. 294

• 15
• "Our loyal guests": The image of the outlanders or foreigners in Transylvania and Hungary
• p. 309

• 16
• Outgoing Romanians, incoming Romanians, or the limits of mediaeval mobility
• p. 321

• 17
• The image of the Romanian countries in the Hungarian consciousness and its impact on the status of the Transylvanian Romanians
• p. 331

• 17.1
• "Our country across the mountains": the Hungarian political and military policy concerning the Romanian countries
• p. 331

• 17.2
• The dispute over the Land of Hateg between the Romanian voivodes and the Hungarian kings in the thirteenth century
• p. 337

• 17.3
• The formation of the Great-Voivodate of Wallachia and its relations with Hungary
• p. 348

• 17.4
• Basarab's "dastardly pitfall" (1330) and its Hungarian documentary echoes
• p. 353

• 17.5
• The Romanians' "vicious habits": other "rebellions" and "treacheries" reflected in the collective memory
• p. 364

• 18
• "As the Romanians call it, in folk parlance": The Romanian onomastics and toponymy
• p. 371

• 19
• The Romanians position regarding the Western Church and the position of the Western Church regarding the Romanians
• p. 381

• 19.1
• "In a country without law and order": the crisis of Western faith and of the Western Church in Hungary at the end of the thirteenth century
• p. 382

• 19.2
• "More than a third of the country had been permeated by the holy custom", or the proportion of Catholics in Hungary
• p. 389

• 19.3
• "The fallen and decayed state of the said Land of Hungary": the crisis from the turn of the fourteenth century
• p. 391

• 19.4
• Between death and conversion: absolution from sin for the ancient "Christians" and heavy tithes for the new converts
• p. 396

• 19.5
• "The great stock of Romanians": the reactions of the "schismatics" in the fourteenth century
• p. 405

• 19.6
• "Broadening the right faith": successes on the path of the Romanians' conversion (up until 1366)
• p. 410

• 19.7
• Emperor John V's journey to Buda (1365-1366)-an occasion for religious union or for deeper division?
• p. 414

• 19.8
• New "schismatics" led onto "the path of truth"-the increase in Catholic propaganda and action after 1366
• p. 421

• 19.9
• "Crusades" against the "unruly heretics and schismatics"
• p. 427

• 20
• From acceptance to exclusion: Romanians and Transylvania's estate assemblies in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
• p. 435

• 20.1
• "To reform the state of the inhabitants": Transylvania's estate assembly of 1291
• p. 435

• 20.2
• "All the prelates, barons, noblemen, Szeklers, Saxons, Romanians", gathered at Turda in 1355
• p. 445

• 20.3
• The solemn royal privilege of 1366: "against the malefactors of every nation, more precisely, the Romanians"
• p. 457

• 21
• The consequences of excluding the "schismatics", the "knezes" and the "Vlachs" from the estates in the Middle Ages
• p. 479

• 22
• The End
• p. 491

• Essential Chronology
• p. 497

• Romanian or Romanian-origin dignitaries (office holders) in Transylvania and Hungary (13 th and 14 th centuries)
• p. 499

• Bibliography
• p. 501

• Sources
• p. 501

• Historiography
• p. 504