Anarchism in Hungary

• Introduction
• p. 1

• Part 1
• Anarchist Social Philosophy
• p. 7

• 1
• Types of Anarchism: an Analytical Framework
• p. 7

• 1.1
• Individualism versus Collectivism
• p. 9

• 1.2
• Moral versus Political Ways to Social Revolution
• p. 11

• 1.3
• Religion versus Antireligion
• p. 12

• 1.4
• Violence versus Nonviolence
• p. 13

• 1.5
• Rationalism versus Romanticism
• p. 16

• 2
• The Essential Features of Anarchism
• p. 19

• 2.1
• Power: Social versus Political Order
• p. 19

• 2.2
• From Anthropological Optimism to Revolution
• p. 21

• 2.3
• Anarchy
• p. 22

• 2.4
• Anarchist Mentality
• p. 24

• 3
• Critiques of Anarchism
• p. 27

• 3.1
• How Could Institutions of Just Rule Exist?
• p. 27

• 3.2
• The Problem of Coercion
• p. 28

• 3.3
• An Anarchist Economy?
• p. 30

• 3.4
• How to Deal with Antisocial Behavior?
• p. 34

• 3.5
• State and Nation
• p. 34

• 3.6
• All States Are Bad: Democracy Equals Dictatorship?
• p. 35

• 4
• Locating Anarchism among Political Ideologies
• p. 39

• 4.1
• Challenges to Anarchism
• p. 39

• 4.2
• Anarchism versus Other Ideologies
• p. 44

• Part 2
• The History of Anarchism in Hungary
• p. 57

• 1
• The Social Basis of Anarchism
• p. 58

• 1.1
• Workers
• p. 58

• 1.2
• Peasants
• p. 59

• 1.3
• Intelligentsia
• p. 60

• 1.4
• Aristocrats
• p. 60

• 1.5
• Artists
• p. 61

• 2
• Radical Socialism and Anarchism (1881-1884)
• p. 62

• 2.1
• Radicalism in the Austro-Hungarian Labor Movement
• p. 64

• 2.2
• Sympathy with Anarchism: The Radical Worker's Party
• p. 66

• 2.3
• The Fall of the Radical Opposition
• p. 68

• 3
• Agrarian Socialism and Ideal Anarchism (1894-1916)
• p. 70

• 3.1
• The Agrarian Movement: Socialism and Messianism
• p. 70

• 3.2
• Istvan Varkonyi and the Independent Social Democratic Movement
• p. 75

• 3.3
• Jeno Henrik Schmitt: A Path to Ideal Anarchism
• p. 78

• 3.4
• Ideal Anarchism
• p. 82

• 3.5
• Schmitt and the Independent Socialist Party
• p. 86

• 3.6
• Schmitt and the Godollo Artists' Colony
• p. 95

• 4
• Anarchism and Syndicalism (1904-1914)
• p. 99

• 4.1
• Syndicalism in the International Labor Movement
• p. 99

• 4.2
• Ervin Batthyany: From Communist Anarchism to Anarcho-Syndicalism
• p. 108

• 4.3
• "Comrade Count Batthyany"
• p. 119

• 4.4
• The Budapest Group of Revolutionary Socialists
• p. 125

• 4.5
• Ervin Szabo and the Attempt to Establish a Syndicalist Movement
• p. 130

• 5
• Artistic and Political Avant-Gardism (1908-1919)
• p. 134

• 5.1
• Lajos Kassak and Anarchism
• p. 134

• 5.2
• The "Conductor of Mystery": Emil Szittya
• p. 136

• 5.3
• The Moralist Revolutionaries
• p. 142

• 6
• Anarchism during the Period of the Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)
• p. 147

• 6.1
• Anarchism versus Bolshevism: The Soviet Example
• p. 147

• 6.2
• Critical, Revolutionary and Cultural Opposition
• p. 151

• 7
• Anarchism in Hungary: A Structural Explanation
• p. 159

• 7.1
• Nonpolitical Politics
• p. 159

• 7.2
• Four Waves of Anarchism
• p. 162

• Part 3
• Anarchist Ideas and Initiatives: Legacies and Future Perspectives
• p. 173

• 1
• Unfinished Past
• p. 173

• 1.1
• Anarchist Influences in Hungary 1919-1946
• p. 173

• 1.2
• Anarchism under "Real Existing Socialism" (1970s-1980s)
• p. 179

• 1.3
• The Revival of Anarchist Organization in the Post-Communist Transition (1988-1993)
• p. 182

• 1.4
• "The Joyful Aesthetic of Opposition": The Anarchista Ujsag (1991-93)
• p. 192

• 2
• Anarchy with Democracy? Hungarian Attempts at Theoretical Synthesis
• p. 203

• 2.1
• Anarchism and the Liberal Socialism of Oszkar Jaszi
• p. 203

• 2.2
• Anarchy and "An-archy": Istvan Bibo and Society without Rule
• p. 209

• 3
• Anarchism and Social Movements
• p. 215

• 3.1
• Anarchism and the Anarchist Mentality
• p. 216

• 3.2
• Postmodern Philosophy and the Anarchist Worldview
• p. 217

• 3.3
• Feminism and the Anarchist Mentality
• p. 220

• 3.4
• The Anarchist Mentality of the Green Movement
• p. 223

• 3.5
• Municipalism and the Anarchist Legacy
• p. 228

• 3.6
• The Post-Industrial Turn, Post-Materialist Value Change and the New Social Movements
• p. 234

• Conclusions: Anarcho-Democrats and Social Change
• p. 239

• Notes
• p. 249

• Bibliography
• p. 305

• Periodicals
• p. 305

• Books and Articles
• p. 306

• Index
• p. 353

• About the Authors
• p. 365

• Books Published by CHSP
• p. 367