Late neolithic agriculture in temperate Europe: a long-term experimental approach
| Titel: | Late neolithic agriculture in temperate Europe: a long-term experimental approach |
|---|---|
| Verfasser: | ; ; |
| Körperschaft: |
|
| Veröffentlicht: | Freiburg, 2017 |
| Umfang: | Online-Ressource |
| Format: | E-Book |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
X
alg: 42457215 001A $06000:05-01-18 001B $01999:11-02-22 $t18:48:40.000 001C $03077:15-01-18 $t16:15:22.000 001D $06000:05-01-18 001U $0utf8 001X $00 002@ $0Oax 002C $aText $btxt $2rdacontent 002D $aComputermedien $bc $2rdamedia 002E $aOnline-Ressource $bcr $2rdacarrier 003@ $042457215X 004P $010.3390/land6010011 004U $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 006G $01149507586 006U $018,O01 $f20171225 007A $01149507586 $aDNB 009Q $S0 $uhttp://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $xR 009Q $qapplication/pdf $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/13195 $xH 010@ $aeng 010E $erda 011@ $a2017 $n2017 021A $aLate neolithic agriculture in temperate Europe: a long-term experimental approach 028A $BVerfasser $#Rösch, M. $4aut $71023878097 $8Rösch, Manfred$Z1952- [Tp1] $9303969776 028C $BVerfasser $#Biester, H. $4aut $71073552411 $8Biester, Harald [Tp3] $9361730349 028C $BVerfasser $#Bogenrieder, A. $4aut $7171982614 $8Bogenrieder, Arno$Z1944-2024 [Tp1] $9296188204 029F $BMitwirkender $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $#Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biologie II, Geobotany $#Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Abteilung Geobotanik $#Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Lehrstuhl Geobotanik $#University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Geobotany $#University of Freiburg, Department of Geobotany at the Faculty of Biology $4ctb $71132073391 $8Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg$bGeobotany [Tb3] $9403090180 029F $BMitwirkender $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $#Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biologie 2 $#Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Fakultät für Biologie, Institut für Biologie II $#Institut für Biologie II Freiburg im Breisgau $#Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Biology II $4ctb $72013781-3 $8Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg$bInstitut für Biologie II [Tb1] $9042688833 029F $BMitwirkender $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $#Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Faculty of Biology $#Fakultät für Biologie Freiburg im Breisgau $#Faculty of Biology Freiburg im Breisgau $#Fakultät für Biologie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $4ctb $72039944-3 $8Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg$bFakultät für Biologie [Tb1] $9042910056 033A $pFreiburg $02024338-8 034D $aOnline-Ressource 037A $aLand. 6, 1 (2017), 11, DOI 10.3390/land6010011, issn: 2073-445X 037A $aIN COPYRIGHT http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0 rs 044K $qDNB $RSteinzeit $#Neolithic period $#Néolithique $#Jüngere Steinzeit $#Jungsteinzeit $74075272-0 $8Neolithikum [Ts1] $9085212369 044K $qDNB $RPrimärer Sektor $RLandbau $#Agriculture $#Agriculture $#Agriculture $#Agricoltura $#Agricultura $#agriculture $#Agriculture $#Landwirtschaft $#Landwirtschaft $#Agrarwirtschaft $#Agrarsektor $#Landwirtschaftlicher Sektor $74034402-2 $8Landwirtschaft [Tsz] $9085092525 044K $qDNB $REntwaldung $#Clearing of land $#Défrichement $#Disboscamento $#land clearing $#Rodung $#Roden Holz $#Abholzung $74178274-4 $8Rodung [Ts1] $9085844217 045E $c630 $c930 047I $aAbstract: Long-term slash-and-burn experiments, when compared with intensive tillage without manuring, resulted in a huge data set relating to potential crop yields, depending on soil quality, crop type, and agricultural measures. Cultivation without manuring or fallow phases did not produce satisfying yields, and mono-season cropping on freshly cleared and burned plots resulted in rather high yields, comparable to those produced during modern industrial agriculture - at least ten-fold the ones estimated for the medieval period. Continuous cultivation on the same plot, using imported wood from adjacent areas as fuel, causes decreasing yields over several years. The high yield of the first harvest of a slash-and-burn agriculture is caused by nutrient input through the ash produced and mobilization from the organic matter of the topsoil, due to high soil temperatures during the burning process and higher topsoil temperatures due to the soil’s black surface. The harvested crops are pure, without contamination of any weeds. Considering the amount of work required to fight weeds without burning, the slash-and-burn technique yields much better results than any other tested agricultural approach. Therefore, in dense woodland, without optimal soils and climate, slash-and-burn agriculture seems to be the best, if not the only, feasible method to start agriculture, for example, during the Late Neolithic, when agriculture expanded from the loess belt into landscapes less suitable for agriculture. Extensive and cultivation with manuring is more practical in an already-open landscape and with a denser population, but its efficiency in terms of the ratio of the manpower input to food output, is worse. Slash-and-burn agriculture is not only a phenomenon of temperate European agriculture during the Neolithic, but played a major role in land-use in forested regions worldwide, creating anthromes on a huge spatial scale lok: 42457215 3 exp: 42457215 3 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.605 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736501 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 5 exp: 42457215 5 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-02-22 $t18:48:40.737 201C/01 $011-02-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $0118256464X 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a11-02-22 $bl lok: 42457215 8 exp: 42457215 8 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.610 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $0101473651X 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 10 exp: 42457215 10 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.615 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736528 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 11 exp: 42457215 11 1 #EPN 201B/01 $015-01-18 $t23:03:24.054 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01015294367 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a15-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 13 exp: 42457215 13 1 #EPN 201B/01 $015-01-18 $t23:03:24.088 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01015294375 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a15-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 20 exp: 42457215 20 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.619 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736536 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 21 exp: 42457215 21 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.664 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736544 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 23 exp: 42457215 23 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.669 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736552 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 24 exp: 42457215 24 1 #EPN 201B/01 $015-01-18 $t23:03:24.100 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01015294383 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a15-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 25 exp: 42457215 25 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.673 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736560 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 36 exp: 42457215 36 1 #EPN 201B/01 $015-01-18 $t23:03:24.116 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01015294391 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a15-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 54 exp: 42457215 54 1 #EPN 201B/01 $029-05-20 $t17:22:22.200 201C/01 $029-05-20 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01108499392 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a29-05-20 $bl lok: 42457215 71 exp: 42457215 71 1 #EPN 201B/01 $015-01-18 $t23:03:24.223 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01015294413 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a15-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 72 exp: 42457215 72 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.684 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736587 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 75 exp: 42457215 75 1 #EPN 201B/01 $015-01-18 $t23:03:24.229 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01015294421 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a15-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 107 exp: 42457215 107 1 #EPN 201B/01 $029-05-20 $t17:22:22.203 201C/01 $029-05-20 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01108499406 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a29-05-20 $bl lok: 42457215 108 exp: 42457215 108 1 #EPN 201B/01 $029-05-20 $t17:22:22.207 201C/01 $029-05-20 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01108499414 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a29-05-20 $bl lok: 42457215 204 exp: 42457215 204 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.689 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736595 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl lok: 42457215 205 exp: 42457215 205 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-01-18 $t23:20:38.699 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01014736609 204U/01 $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 $S0 208@/01 $a05-01-18 $bl
| LEADER | 00000cam a22000002c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | 42457215X | ||
| 003 | DE-603 | ||
| 005 | 20220211184840.0 | ||
| 007 | cr|||||||||||| | ||
| 008 | 180105s2017 xx |||| o| u00||u|eng | ||
| 015 | |a 18,O01 |2 dnb | ||
| 016 | 7 | |2 DE-101 |a 1149507586 | |
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/land6010011 |2 doi | |
| 024 | 7 | |a urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 |2 urn | |
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DNB1149507586 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-603 |b ger |c DE-603 |d DE-603 |e rda | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 084 | |a 630 |a 930 |q DE-101 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Rösch, Manfred |d 1952- |e Verfasser |4 aut |0 (DE-603)303969776 |0 (DE-588)1023878097 |2 gnd | |
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Late neolithic agriculture in temperate Europe: a long-term experimental approach |
| 264 | 1 | |a Freiburg |c 2017 | |
| 300 | |a Online-Ressource | ||
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Land. 6, 1 (2017), 11, DOI 10.3390/land6010011, issn: 2073-445X | ||
| 500 | |a IN COPYRIGHT http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0 rs | ||
| 520 | |a Abstract: Long-term slash-and-burn experiments, when compared with intensive tillage without manuring, resulted in a huge data set relating to potential crop yields, depending on soil quality, crop type, and agricultural measures. Cultivation without manuring or fallow phases did not produce satisfying yields, and mono-season cropping on freshly cleared and burned plots resulted in rather high yields, comparable to those produced during modern industrial agriculture - at least ten-fold the ones estimated for the medieval period. Continuous cultivation on the same plot, using imported wood from adjacent areas as fuel, causes decreasing yields over several years. The high yield of the first harvest of a slash-and-burn agriculture is caused by nutrient input through the ash produced and mobilization from the organic matter of the topsoil, due to high soil temperatures during the burning process and higher topsoil temperatures due to the soil’s black surface. The harvested crops are pure, without contamination of any weeds. Considering the amount of work required to fight weeds without burning, the slash-and-burn technique yields much better results than any other tested agricultural approach. Therefore, in dense woodland, without optimal soils and climate, slash-and-burn agriculture seems to be the best, if not the only, feasible method to start agriculture, for example, during the Late Neolithic, when agriculture expanded from the loess belt into landscapes less suitable for agriculture. Extensive and cultivation with manuring is more practical in an already-open landscape and with a denser population, but its efficiency in terms of the ratio of the manpower input to food output, is worse. Slash-and-burn agriculture is not only a phenomenon of temperate European agriculture during the Neolithic, but played a major role in land-use in forested regions worldwide, creating anthromes on a huge spatial scale | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Neolithikum |0 (DE-588)4075272-0 |0 (DE-603)085212369 |2 gnd | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Landwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)4034402-2 |0 (DE-603)085092525 |2 gnd | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Rodung |0 (DE-588)4178274-4 |0 (DE-603)085844217 |2 gnd | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Biester, Harald |e Verfasser |4 aut |0 (DE-603)361730349 |0 (DE-588)1073552411 |2 gnd | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bogenrieder, Arno |d 1944-2024 |e Verfasser |4 aut |0 (DE-603)296188204 |0 (DE-588)171982614 |2 gnd | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg |b Geobotany |e Mitwirkender |4 ctb |0 (DE-603)403090180 |0 (DE-588)1132073391 |2 gnd | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg |b Institut für Biologie II |e Mitwirkender |4 ctb |0 (DE-603)042688833 |0 (DE-588)2013781-3 |2 gnd | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg |b Fakultät für Biologie |e Mitwirkender |4 ctb |0 (DE-603)042910056 |0 (DE-588)2039944-3 |2 gnd | |
| 856 | |u http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-131952 |x Resolving-System |z kostenfrei | ||
| 856 | |q application/pdf |u https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/13195 |x Verlag |z kostenfrei | ||
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736501 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)118256464X |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)101473651X |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736528 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1015294367 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1015294375 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736536 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736544 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736552 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1015294383 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736560 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1015294391 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1108499392 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1015294413 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736587 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1015294421 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1108499406 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1108499414 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736595 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1014736609 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
