Jan Hus und Hieronymus von Prag als Luthers böhmische Vorläufer

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021A    $aJan Hus und Hieronymus von Prag als Luthers böhmische Vorläufer $d"Heute bratet ihr eine Gans, aber aus der Asche wird ein Schwan entstehen" $hJan Ćapek 
028A    $BVerfasser $4aut $7 $8Čapek, Jan [Tnu] $9389540501 
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033E    $pFrankfurt am Main $nUniversitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg 
039B    $aEnthalten in $8--Obvc--. Diyalog. - Meram : GERDER, 2013-. - ISSN 2148-1482 $x201900000070001965 $9336058888 
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047I    $aAlmanya'daki Reformasyon, dünyayı değiştirmiş ve ardından tamamen farklı etik ve ekonomik ilişkiler yaratmıştır. Martin Luther ve Johannes Calvin hiç yoktan gelmemişlerdir. Onlardan daha bir yüzyıl önce, değişik dini reform denemeleri olmuştur. Luther'in iki öncüsü Bohemya'da yaşamıştır; bunlardan biri Jan Hus (tah. 1369-1415) diğeri ise, Oxford'ta öğrenci iken John Wycliffes'in düşüncelerini Prag'a taşıyan ve zamanın Felsefe Fakültesi dekanı Jan Hus'u etkileyerek, ona büyük vaazlar vermesi için ilham veren Hieronymus'tur (tah. 1378/9-1416). Jan Hus, Bohemyalı asiller, Prag burjuvazisi ve sade halktan heyecanlı destekler almıştır. Onun yenilik hareketi o nedenle bir iç ilahiyat meselesi olarak kalmamış, bilakis siyasi bir güç ve devrimci bir girişim haline gelmiştir. 1415 yılında Jan Hus, Konstanz Konsili'ne davet edilmiş ve orada yargılanarak, kendisine dokunulmayacağı sözü verilmesine rağmen yakılmıştır. Onun şehadeti, Bohemya'da iç savaşa benzeyen Hussiten Savaşları'na (1419-1436) dönüşen ayaklanmalara sebep olmuştur. Ayaklanmacıların (serbest İncil vaazları; akşam yemeğinin ekmek ve şarap olarak dağıtılması, din ve dünya işleri siyasetinin biribirinden ayrılması, toplumsal adaletsizliklerin aşılması gibi) en önemli istekleri ve kendi dilinde ibadet etme özgürlüğü, yani Luther'in tezleri olarak bilinen talepler, ondan daha bir yüzyıl önce Bohemya'da hayata geçirilmişti. 
047I    $aThe reformation in Germany and Martin Luther did not come out of nothing. A whole century before, the era was characterized by a series of attempts at religious reform. Two of Luther's predecessors lived in Bohemia: Jan Hus (about 1369-1415) and Jerome of Prague (about 1378/79-1416). The latter studied in Oxford where he was inspired by the teachings of John Wyclif and brought these ideas to Prague. There they inspired the Dean of the Arts Faculty, Jan Hus, to deliver great sermons. Jan Hus also received enthusiastic support from the Bohemian aristocracy, the Prague middle class and the common people. His reformation was therefore more than just a theological affair; it became a political power factor and a revolutionary project. In 1415 Hus was summoned to the Council of Constance, where he was condemned and burnt to death, despite being promised safe passage. His death as a martyr triggered revolts in Bohemia, leading to the Hussite civil wars. The Hussites' most important demands (free sermons based on the Bible, Communion provided in bread and wine, separation of church and state rule, the overcoming of social injustices) and church services in the national language were to become central demands of Luther, but they had already been implemented in Bohemia a hundred years earlier. 

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