Fascism in Republican China: a study of conceptual history
| Titel: | Fascism in Republican China: a study of conceptual history |
|---|---|
| Verfasser: | |
| Beteiligt: | |
| Körperschaft: | |
| Veröffentlicht: | Freiburg : Universität, 2021 |
| Umfang: | 1 Online-Ressource |
| Format: | E-Book |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Hochschulschrift: | Dissertation, Universität Freiburg, 2021 |
X
alg: 48542860 001A $06000:10-09-21 001B $01999:11-10-24 $t23:10:44.000 001D $06000:10-09-21 001U $0utf8 001X $00 002@ $0Oax 002C $aText $btxt $2rdacontent 002D $aComputermedien $bc $2rdamedia 002E $aOnline-Ressource $bcr $2rdacarrier 003@ $0485428601 004P $010.6094/UNIFR/219583 004U $0urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-2195834 006G $01238605494 006U $021,O09 $f20210810 007A $01238605494 $aDNB 009Q $uhttps://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/219583 $xR 009Q $uhttps://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-2195834 $xR 009Q $qapplication/pdf $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $xH 010@ $aeng 010E $erda 011@ $a2021 $n2021 013D $RWissenschaftliche Literatur $#Dissertations, Academic $#Thèses et écrits académiques $74113937-9 $8Hochschulschrift [Ts1] $9085338818 021A $aFascism in Republican China: a study of conceptual history 028A $BVerfasser $4aut $8Cai, Zhipeng$Z1990- [Tp3] $9482154624 028C $BAkademischer Betreuer $4dgs $711325184X $8Spakowski, Nicola [Tp1] $9147656915 029F $BGrad-verleihende Institution $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $RAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg $#Philosophische Fakultät Freiburg im Breisgau $4dgg $766230-6 $8Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg$bPhilosophische Fakultät [Tb1] $9040520366 033A $pFreiburg $nUniversität 034D $a1 Online-Ressource 037C $dDissertation $eUniversität Freiburg $f2021 037I $2cc $fcc_by_nc_nd 037J $aKein Open Access $2star $uhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec $fOnline access with authorization 044K $qDNB $RIdeologie $RRechtsradikalismus $RAntifaschismus $RFaschist $#Fascism $#Fascisme $#Fascismo $#Faschismus $#Faschismus $#Faschistisches System/Faschistische Gesellschaft $74016494-9 $8Faschismus [Ts1] $9085038679 044K $qDNB $RGeschichtsphilosophie $RVergangenheit $#History $#Histoire $#Storia $#history $#History $#Geschichte $#Landesgeschichte $#Regionalgeschichte $#Ortsgeschichte $#Zeitgeschichte $74020517-4 $8Geschichte [Tsz] $9085049352 044K $qDNB $RBild $RChina $RMotiv $74122097-3 $8Chinabild [Ts1] $9085398144 044K $qDNB $RTaiwan $#中国 $#中國 $#Rotchina $#Zhongguo Diguo $#Zhongguo-Diguo $#Kaiserreich Zhongguo $#Zhongguo Volksrepublik $#Chung-kuo Renmin-Gongheguo $#Zhonghua-minguo 1911-1949 $#Chung-hua-min-kuo 1911-1949 $#China Renmin-Gongheguo $#Zhonghua-Renmin-Gongheguo $#Kaiserreich China $#China Diguo $#PRC $#Zhongguo Renmin-Gongheguo $#Shinkoku $#Chung-hua-jen-min-kung-ho-kuo $#Zhonghua Renmin-Gongheguo $#Zhongguo $#China Volksrepublik $#Volksrepublik China $#Zhongguo $#VR China $#China People's Republic $#People's Republic of China $#Zhong guo $#PRC People's Republic of China $#Zhonghua renmin gongheguo $#République populaire de Chine $#Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu $#China Republic : 1912-1949 $#Chine $#KNR Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika $#Zhongguo renmin gongheguo $#Chinese People's Republic $#Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika $#Chinese People’s Republic $#Republic of China 1912-1949 $#Chung-hua min kuo 1912-1949 $#Chung-kuo $#中华人民共和国 $emaschinell gebildet $74009937-4 $8China [Tg1] $908501933X $k0,02730 045E $c940 046X $aArchivierung/Langzeitarchivierung gewährleistet $5DE-101 047I $aAbstract: This dissertation is a study of the conceptual history of fascism in Republican China. It employs the “conceptual history” (Begriffsgeschichte) theory and method constructed by the German historian Reinhart Koselleck (1923-2006), who argues that “basic concepts” (Grundbegriffe) are both “causal factors” and “indicators” of historical change. By exploring how the foreign-imported term “fascism” was introduced, debated, and adapted in the context of China from the 1920s to the 1940s, this dissertation not only illustrates the diachronic changes and synchronic differences that occurred in relation to the meaning of the term “fascism” itself, but also highlights the interrelation of the concept of fascism with the development of Chinese politics in the Republican era.
The main findings of this dissertation can be summarized in two points. The first is that fascism played the role of a “basic concept” in Chinese political thought and practice. Once fascism was introduced to China, it quickly became a crucial term for intellectuals and politicians across the political spectrum as they debated both national and international politics. It both reflected and caused the socio-political development of Republican China. Although various actors and groups tended to have different ideas about fascism, all of them were nationalists and pragmatists who expected to find a way to save and revive China by discussing this foreign concept. Their conflicting arguments about fascism (praise or criticism) were also relevant to their respective political standing. They constantly used and reinterpreted the concept according to their purposes, serving their political struggle for ruling power of the country. The second finding is that the notions of fascism and anti-fascism were global phenomena with multinational manifestations. The Chinese case suggests that both were products of an interplay between the global and local contexts. In talking about fascism and anti-fascism, actors in China shared an international perspective and local concerns. They engaged in an intimate dialogue with the outside world whilst also considering China’s problems. Hence, the notions of fascism and anti-fascism in Republican China are marked by different characteristics from other countries at the time.
By taking a new research approach and finding more historical materials, this research has made its own contribution to the longstanding academic debate on the relationship between the Guomindang (GMD) and fascism. Based on substantial empirical analysis of the various discourses and policies of the GMD, this dissertation argues that the GMD indeed presents characteristics that are clearly fascist. Hence, the GMD regime can be identified as a fascist regime, or at least a “fascistic” one (a regime with some fascist characteristics). This research also broadens the scope so that many groups outside the GMD and periods other than the first half of the 1930s are included. In particular, it presents the introduction and development of the notion of anti-fascism in the context of China. This problem has long been ignored by academia, but it is an indispensable part of the project of drawing a comprehensive picture of the conceptual development of fascism in China.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion chapters, the main part of this work consists of five chapters, which are structured in chronological order. Chapter 1 traces the initial stage of the introduction of fascism as a foreign concept in China. It reveals how Chinese intellectuals and politicians understood and used the term “fascism” in the context of the interaction between China and the outside world. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate how different groups interpreted “fascism” for their own purposes in internal and external struggles. These chapters not only disclose the close relationship between the GMD and fascism, but also show the role that the notions of fascism and anti-fascism played in the ideologies and programs of the Nationalists and Communists respectively. Chapters 4 and 5 explore how the development of the international situation led to fascism being fixed as a derogatory term in Chinese public discourse and anti-fascism becoming a source of political legitimacy in the second half of the 1930s and 1940s. Together, these chapters illustrate the international perspective and local concerns of Chinese political thinking lok: 48542860 3 exp: 48542860 3 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.845 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014603 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 5 exp: 48542860 5 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-02-22 $t18:20:33.758 201C/01 $011-02-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01182330975 208@/01 $a11-02-22 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 8 exp: 48542860 8 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.853 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014611 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 10 exp: 48542860 10 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.860 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $0116801462X 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 11 exp: 48542860 11 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.866 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014638 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 13 exp: 48542860 13 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.872 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014646 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 21 exp: 48542860 21 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.884 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014662 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 23 exp: 48542860 23 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.890 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014670 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 24 exp: 48542860 24 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.896 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014689 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 25 exp: 48542860 25 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.902 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014697 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 36 exp: 48542860 36 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.908 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014700 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 51 exp: 48542860 51 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.921 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014727 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 74 exp: 48542860 74 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-10-24 $t23:10:44.467 201C/01 $011-10-24 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01277219710 208@/01 $a11-10-24 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 75 exp: 48542860 75 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.932 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014743 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 107 exp: 48542860 107 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.938 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014751 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 204 exp: 48542860 204 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.943 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $0116801476X 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH lok: 48542860 205 exp: 48542860 205 1 #EPN 201B/01 $011-09-21 $t12:29:30.949 201C/01 $011-09-21 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01168014778 208@/01 $a11-09-21 $bl 209S/01 $S0 $uhttps://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 $XH
| LEADER | 00000cam a22000002c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | 485428601 | ||
| 003 | DE-603 | ||
| 005 | 20241011231044.0 | ||
| 007 | cr|||||||||||| | ||
| 008 | 210910s2021 xx |||| om u00||u|eng | ||
| 015 | |a 21,O09 |2 dnb | ||
| 016 | 7 | |2 DE-101 |a 1238605494 | |
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.6094/UNIFR/219583 |2 doi | |
| 024 | 7 | |a urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-2195834 |2 urn | |
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DNB1238605494 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-603 |b ger |c DE-603 |d DE-603 |e rda | ||
| 041 | |a eng | ||
| 084 | |a 940 |q DE-101 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Cai, Zhipeng |d 1990- |e Verfasser |4 aut |0 (DE-603)482154624 |0 (DE-588)1237844371 |2 gnd | |
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Fascism in Republican China: a study of conceptual history |
| 264 | 1 | |a Freiburg |b Universität |c 2021 | |
| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource | ||
| 336 | |a Text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Universität Freiburg |d 2021 | ||
| 520 | |a Abstract: This dissertation is a study of the conceptual history of fascism in Republican China. It employs the “conceptual history” (Begriffsgeschichte) theory and method constructed by the German historian Reinhart Koselleck (1923-2006), who argues that “basic concepts” (Grundbegriffe) are both “causal factors” and “indicators” of historical change. By exploring how the foreign-imported term “fascism” was introduced, debated, and adapted in the context of China from the 1920s to the 1940s, this dissertation not only illustrates the diachronic changes and synchronic differences that occurred in relation to the meaning of the term “fascism” itself, but also highlights the interrelation of the concept of fascism with the development of Chinese politics in the Republican era. <br>The main findings of this dissertation can be summarized in two points. The first is that fascism played the role of a “basic concept” in Chinese political thought and practice. Once fascism was introduced to China, it quickly became a crucial term for intellectuals and politicians across the political spectrum as they debated both national and international politics. It both reflected and caused the socio-political development of Republican China. Although various actors and groups tended to have different ideas about fascism, all of them were nationalists and pragmatists who expected to find a way to save and revive China by discussing this foreign concept. Their conflicting arguments about fascism (praise or criticism) were also relevant to their respective political standing. They constantly used and reinterpreted the concept according to their purposes, serving their political struggle for ruling power of the country. The second finding is that the notions of fascism and anti-fascism were global phenomena with multinational manifestations. The Chinese case suggests that both were products of an interplay between the global and local contexts. In talking about fascism and anti-fascism, actors in China shared an international perspective and local concerns. They engaged in an intimate dialogue with the outside world whilst also considering China’s problems. Hence, the notions of fascism and anti-fascism in Republican China are marked by different characteristics from other countries at the time.<br>By taking a new research approach and finding more historical materials, this research has made its own contribution to the longstanding academic debate on the relationship between the Guomindang (GMD) and fascism. Based on substantial empirical analysis of the various discourses and policies of the GMD, this dissertation argues that the GMD indeed presents characteristics that are clearly fascist. Hence, the GMD regime can be identified as a fascist regime, or at least a “fascistic” one (a regime with some fascist characteristics). This research also broadens the scope so that many groups outside the GMD and periods other than the first half of the 1930s are included. In particular, it presents the introduction and development of the notion of anti-fascism in the context of China. This problem has long been ignored by academia, but it is an indispensable part of the project of drawing a comprehensive picture of the conceptual development of fascism in China.<br>In addition to the introduction and conclusion chapters, the main part of this work consists of five chapters, which are structured in chronological order. Chapter 1 traces the initial stage of the introduction of fascism as a foreign concept in China. It reveals how Chinese intellectuals and politicians understood and used the term “fascism” in the context of the interaction between China and the outside world. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate how different groups interpreted “fascism” for their own purposes in internal and external struggles. These chapters not only disclose the close relationship between the GMD and fascism, but also show the role that the notions of fascism and anti-fascism played in the ideologies and programs of the Nationalists and Communists respectively. Chapters 4 and 5 explore how the development of the international situation led to fascism being fixed as a derogatory term in Chinese public discourse and anti-fascism becoming a source of political legitimacy in the second half of the 1930s and 1940s. Together, these chapters illustrate the international perspective and local concerns of Chinese political thinking | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Faschismus |0 (DE-588)4016494-9 |0 (DE-603)085038679 |2 gnd | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Geschichte |0 (DE-588)4020517-4 |0 (DE-603)085049352 |2 gnd | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Chinabild |0 (DE-588)4122097-3 |0 (DE-603)085398144 |2 gnd | |
| 651 | 7 | |8 1\p |a China |0 (DE-588)4009937-4 |0 (DE-603)08501933X |2 gnd | |
| 655 | 7 | |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |0 (DE-603)085338818 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Spakowski, Nicola |e Akademischer Betreuer |4 dgs |0 (DE-603)147656915 |0 (DE-588)11325184X |2 gnd | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg |b Philosophische Fakultät |e Grad-verleihende Institution |4 dgg |0 (DE-603)040520366 |0 (DE-588)66230-6 |2 gnd | |
| 856 | |u https://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/219583 |x Resolving-System | ||
| 856 | |u https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-freidok-2195834 |x Resolving-System | ||
| 856 | |q application/pdf |u https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/219583 |x Verlag |z kostenfrei | ||
| 883 | 0 | |8 1\p |a maschinell gebildet |c 0,02730 |q DE-101 | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014603 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1182330975 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014611 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)116801462X |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014638 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014646 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014662 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014670 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014689 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014697 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014700 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014727 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1277219710 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014743 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014751 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)116801476X |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
| 924 | 1 | |9 603 |a (DE-603)1168014778 |b DE-603 |c HES |d d | |
