Maat in Egyptian Autobiographies and Related Studies
| Titel: | Maat in Egyptian Autobiographies and Related Studies / Miriam Lichtheim |
|---|---|
| Verfasser: | |
| Veröffentlicht: | Freiburg, Switzerland / Göttingen, Germany : Universitätsverlag / Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1992 |
| Umfang: | 1 Online-Ressource (211 Seiten) |
| Format: | E-Book |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Schriftenreihe/ mehrbändiges Werk: |
Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis ; Band 120 |
| RVK-Notation: |
·
|
| ISBN: | 3727808462 |
X
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The growth of the concept of Maat is traced from the Old Kingdom to the Late Period by a sequence of autobiographical and other texts in which individual Egyptians define and declare their understanding of, and adherence to, the code of right action were truthfulness and fairness. Adherence to Maat created the good order of society, while abandoning Maat plunged society into chaos. Man's knowledge of right, and his ability to do it, were defined as originating in his heart and in his nature: virtue was innate and inner-directed. In the texts of the New Kingdom the gods came to be addressed as partners of man's rightdoing by providing inspiration and guidance. At no time, however, were the gods given the role of formulating moral precepts. Man remained the maker of his ethos. The second study demonstrates that the "Negative Confessions" of the Book of the Dead were based squarely on the moral declarations of autobiographical inscriptions, declarations which the scribes of the Book of the Dead rephrased in negative terms, in keeping with the BD's ritual-magical purpose. The third study pinpoints in vocabulary form the principal terms for the virtues and vices used in the texts cited. The fourth study shows that the grammatical constructions of the "Appeal to the Living" - the request by the deceased for the prayers of the living - underwent changes which scholars have failed to recognize, a failure resulting in unwarranted emendations and faulty translations. Lastly there is a grave stela of Polemaic date with a text which, instead of the usual hopefulness, records a long cry of despair. lok: 49263746 3 101B $006-04-22 $t06:48:20.000 101C $006-04-22 101U $0utf8 145S/01 $a004 exp: 49263746 3 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.272 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153181 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 5 exp: 49263746 5 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.276 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $0118915319X 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 6 exp: 49263746 6 1 #EPN 201B/01 $015-04-22 $t10:02:27.000 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602636 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 8 exp: 49263746 8 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.280 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153203 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 10 exp: 49263746 10 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.284 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153211 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 11 exp: 49263746 11 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.310 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602644 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 13 exp: 49263746 13 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.313 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602652 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 20 exp: 49263746 20 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.288 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $0118915322X 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 21 exp: 49263746 21 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.292 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153238 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 23 exp: 49263746 23 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.295 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153246 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 24 exp: 49263746 24 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.316 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602660 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 25 exp: 49263746 25 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.299 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153254 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 36 exp: 49263746 36 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.319 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602679 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 51 exp: 49263746 51 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.325 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602695 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 54 exp: 49263746 54 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.328 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602709 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 59 exp: 49263746 59 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.335 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602725 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 69 exp: 49263746 69 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.338 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602733 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 75 exp: 49263746 75 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.341 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602741 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 76 exp: 49263746 76 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.344 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $0119060275X 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 107 exp: 49263746 107 1 #EPN 201B/01 $010-04-22 $t22:11:23.348 201C/01 $010-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01190602768 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a10-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 204 exp: 49263746 204 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.303 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153262 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl lok: 49263746 205 exp: 49263746 205 1 #EPN 201B/01 $005-04-22 $t22:52:31.307 201C/01 $005-04-22 201U/01 $0utf8 203@/01 $01189153270 204P/01 $010.5167/uzh-152368 $S0 208@/01 $a05-04-22 $bl
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| 520 | |a The first of five studies explores "Maat", the Egyptian term for the moral order that governed men and gods in their respective spheres. The growth of the concept of Maat is traced from the Old Kingdom to the Late Period by a sequence of autobiographical and other texts in which individual Egyptians define and declare their understanding of, and adherence to, the code of right action were truthfulness and fairness. Adherence to Maat created the good order of society, while abandoning Maat plunged society into chaos. Man's knowledge of right, and his ability to do it, were defined as originating in his heart and in his nature: virtue was innate and inner-directed. In the texts of the New Kingdom the gods came to be addressed as partners of man's rightdoing by providing inspiration and guidance. At no time, however, were the gods given the role of formulating moral precepts. Man remained the maker of his ethos. The second study demonstrates that the "Negative Confessions" of the Book of the Dead were based squarely on the moral declarations of autobiographical inscriptions, declarations which the scribes of the Book of the Dead rephrased in negative terms, in keeping with the BD's ritual-magical purpose. The third study pinpoints in vocabulary form the principal terms for the virtues and vices used in the texts cited. The fourth study shows that the grammatical constructions of the "Appeal to the Living" - the request by the deceased for the prayers of the living - underwent changes which scholars have failed to recognize, a failure resulting in unwarranted emendations and faulty translations. Lastly there is a grave stela of Polemaic date with a text which, instead of the usual hopefulness, records a long cry of despair. | ||
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